中国国家统计局的总结：“总的来看，上半年国民经济运行在合理区间，新质生产力培育壮大，高质量发展向新向优。也要看到，外部不稳定不确定因素较多，国内供强需弱矛盾突出，经济向好基础还需巩固。”
上半年国内生产总值695704亿元，按不变价格计算，同比增长4.7%。分产业看，第一产业增加值31522亿元，同比增长3.7%；第二产业增加值250473亿元，增长3.9%；第三产业增加值413709亿元，增长5.2%。分季度看，一季度国内生产总值同比增长5.0%，二季度增长4.3%。从环比看，二季度国内生产总值增长0.9%。
2026年二季度，全国规模以上工业产能利用率为73.0%，比一季度下降0.6个百分点，比上年同期下降1.0个百分点。 分三大门类看，2026年二季度，采矿业产能利用率为69.1%，制造业产能利用率为73.5%，电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业产能利用率为70.4%。 分主要行业看，2026年二季度，煤炭开采和洗选业产能利用率为61.2%，食品制造业为70.2%，纺织业为74.9%，化学原料和化学制品制造业为69.4%，非金属矿物制品业为59.6%，黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业为77.6%，有色金属冶炼和压延加工业为76.2%，通用设备制造业为80.1%，专用设备制造业为76.7%，汽车制造业为70.8%，电气机械和器材制造业为70.3%，计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业为78.7%。
上半年，社会消费商品和服务零售总额同比增长2.7%，其中服务零售额增长5.3%，商品零售额增长1.1%。在服务零售额中，通讯信息服务类、旅游咨询租赁服务类、文体休闲服务类零售额较快增长。上半年，社会消费品零售总额248722亿元，同比增长1.3%。按经营单位所在地分，城镇消费品零售额215506亿元，同比增长1.2%；乡村消费品零售额33216亿元，增长2.5%。按消费类型分，商品零售额220467亿元，同比增长1.1%；餐饮收入28255亿元，增长2.8%。基本生活类和部分升级类商品销售较快增长，限额以上单位粮油食品类、服装鞋帽针纺织品类、通讯器材类商品零售额同比分别增长7.4%、6.7%、14.4%。6月份，社会消费品零售总额42691亿元，同比增长1.0%，上月为下降0.6%；环比增长0.38%。上半年，全国网上商品和服务零售额100715亿元，同比增长5.2%。其中，网上商品零售额64296亿元，增长4.8%；网上服务零售额36419亿元，增长6.0%。
上半年，全国居民人均可支配收入22981元，同比名义增长5.2%，扣除价格因素实际增长4.2%。按常住地分，城镇居民人均可支配收入30126元，同比名义增长4.4%，实际增长3.4%；农村居民人均可支配收入12699元，同比名义增长6.4%，实际增长5.5%。从收入来源看，全国居民人均工资性收入、经营净收入、财产净收入、转移净收入分别名义增长5.3%、6.5%、1.1%、5.8%。上半年，城乡居民人均可支配收入比值（以农村居民为1）为2.37，同比缩小0.05。
上半年，全国居民人均消费支出14836元，比上年同期名义增长3.7%，扣除价格因素，实际增长2.7%。分城乡看，城镇居民人均消费支出18071元，增长3.0%，扣除价格因素，实际增长2.0%；农村居民人均消费支出10180元，增长4.6%，扣除价格因素，实际增长3.8%。
上半年，全国居民人均食品烟酒消费支出4537元，增长4.2%，占人均消费支出的比重为30.6%；人均衣着消费支出880元，增长4.4%，占人均消费支出的比重为5.9%；人均居住消费支出3135元，增长1.4%，占人均消费支出的比重为21.1%；人均生活用品及服务消费支出847元，增长5.3%，占人均消费支出的比重为5.7%；人均交通通信消费支出2065元，增长4.7%，占人均消费支出的比重为13.9%；人均教育文化娱乐消费支出1572元，增长4.9%，占人均消费支出的比重为10.6%；人均医疗保健消费支出1330元，增长1.2%，占人均消费支出的比重为9.0%；人均其他用品及服务消费支出470元，增长9.3%，占人均消费支出的比重为3.2%。
上半年，全国城镇调查失业率平均值为5.2%。6月份，全国城镇调查失业率为5.0%，比上月下降0.1个百分点。本地户籍劳动力调查失业率为5.0%；外来户籍劳动力调查失业率为4.9%，其中外来农业户籍劳动力调查失业率为4.8%。31个大城市城镇调查失业率为5.0%，比上月下降0.1个百分点。全国企业就业人员周平均工作时间为48.2小时。二季度末，外出务工农村劳动力总量19227万人，同比增长0.5%。
重点内容：
2026年上半年中国国内生产总值（GDP）为695,704亿元，按不变价格计算，同比增长4.7%。其中，一季度同比增长5.0%，二季度增长4.3%。中国2026年第二季度国内生产总值（GDP）环比上季度增长0.9%，相比第一季度的环比增速（1.3%）有所放缓。2026年上半年中国国内生产总值（GDP）同比增长4.7%，相比上年同期（2025年上半年GDP增速5.3%）放缓了0.6个百分点。2023年上半年5.5%，2024年上半年5.0%，2025年上半年5.3%，2026年上半年4.7%，中国GDP增速在疫情后呈现“W型”波动下降。
实物商品零售品类（1—6月累计同比名义增速）负增长品类包括如下 汽车类：-12.6%绝对量：19688 亿元。 原因：受新能源购置税优惠政策调整（由全额免征改为按5%税率征收）、年初以旧换新补贴额度阶段性调整，以及国内车企“价格战”导致消费者持币观望情绪浓厚等影响，汽车消费跌幅居各品类首位。 建筑及装潢材料类：-8.8%绝对量：609 亿元。原因：直接受到房地产开发投资下滑（1-6月同比下降18.0%）和新建商品房销售面积下降的拖累，处于产业链后端的装修建材需求持续走弱。 家用电器和音像器材类：-7.4%绝对量：5437 亿元。原因：同样受地产后周期传导，且由于去年同期大规模促消费政策基数较高，导致今年上半年大宗家电零售承压明显。 石油及制品类：-5.7%绝对量：10696 亿元。原因：主要受国际油价波动、国内燃油车保有量部分被新能源车替代，以及商务出行结构变化等多重因素影响。 家具类：-3.7%绝对量：870 亿元。原因：与建筑装潢类类似，属于典型的地产捆绑型大宗消费，受大环境影响表现低迷。 体育、娱乐用品类：-2.4%绝对量：870 亿元。原因：高基数后的自然回落，居民在户外及特定娱乐硬件上的非刚性支出有所收缩。
上半年，包含手机在内的“通讯器材类”大涨 14.4%（6月单月高达 16.5%），是所有实物商品分类中增长最猛的品类。但根据群智咨询（Sigmaintell）数据显示，2026年第二季度中国智能手机出货量约为6310万台，同比下降7%。销售额大涨主要是由于2026年全球手机内存（DRAM和NAND闪存）由于供应受限，成本较去年同期飙升了近 300%。据中国商报报道，虽然400美元以下的入门机销量暴跌，但400美元以上、尤其是高溢价的高端旗舰机销量却逆势增长了 5.7%。华为（Pura 90等系列高调热销）和苹果在第二季度的出货量甚至逆势大增了 20% 左右，这是典型的“K型分化”。
上半年，全国居民人均可支配收入中位数19036元（2809$），增长4.7%，中位数是平均数的82.8%。其中，城镇居民人均可支配收入中位数26389元（3894$），增长4.0%，中位数是平均数的87.6%；农村居民人均可支配收入中位数10649元（1571$），增长5.9%，中位数是平均数的83.9%。 上半年，全国居民人均工资性收入13298元（1962$）。城镇居民人均工资性收入为 18359 元（2709$），同比名义增长 4.6%；农村居民人均工资性收入为 6013 元（887$），同比名义增长 6.0%。
上半年，全国居民人均消费支出为 14836元（2193$），名义增长 3.7%，扣除价格因素实际增长 2.7%。人均消费大头依然为食品烟酒（4537元，占比 30.6%）与居住（3135元，占比 21.1%），合计51.7%。
2026年二季度（6月份）全国企业就业人员周平均工作时间为 48.2 小时，环比一季度（48.1 小时）小幅增加了 0.1 小时，但同比去年同季度（48.5 小时）减少了 0.3 小时。中国企业人员周平均工时自 2015 年以来连续上涨了 9 年（在 2024 年底曾创下 49.0 小时的过劳峰值）。进入 2026 年，周平均工时结束了连涨，出现回落。
https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202607/t20260715_1964121.html https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfbhjd/202607/t20260716_1964142.html https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202607/t20260715_1964129.html https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202607/t20260715_1964127.html https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202607/t20260715_1964130.html
Translation
On July 15, 2026, China’s National Bureau of Statistics released economic data for the first half of the year.
The National Bureau of Statistics of China summarized the situation as follows: “Overall, the national economy operated within a reasonable range during the first half of the year; new quality productive forces were cultivated and strengthened, and high-quality development progressed toward new and better outcomes. However, it is also necessary to acknowledge the prevalence of external instability and uncertainty, the prominent domestic imbalance between strong supply and weak demand, and the need to consolidate the foundation for economic improvement.”
In the first half of the year, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 69.5704 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 4.7% at constant prices. By sector, the value added of the primary industry was 3.1522 trillion yuan (up 3.7%); that of the secondary industry was 25.0473 trillion yuan (up 3.9%); and that of the tertiary industry was 41.3709 trillion yuan (up 5.2%). By quarter, GDP grew by 5.0% year-on-year in the first quarter and by 4.3% in the second quarter. On a quarter-on-quarter basis, GDP grew by 0.9% in the second quarter.
In the second quarter of 2026, the capacity utilization rate for industrial enterprises above designated size nationwide was 73.0%, down 0.6 percentage points from the first quarter and down 1.0 percentage point from the same period last year. By major industrial category, the capacity utilization rate in the second quarter of 2026 was 69.1% for mining, 73.5% for manufacturing, and 70.4% for the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas, and water. By key industry, the capacity utilization rates in the second quarter of 2026 were as follows: 61.2% for coal mining and washing; 70.2% for food manufacturing; 74.9% for textiles; 69.4% for the manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products; 59.6% for the manufacture of non-metallic mineral products; 77.6% for the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals; 76.2% for the smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals; 80.1% for the manufacture of general-purpose machinery; 76.7% for the manufacture of special-purpose machinery; 70.8% for automobile manufacturing; 70.3% for the manufacture of electrical machinery and equipment; and 78.7% for the manufacture of computer, communication, and other electronic equipment.
In the first half of the year, total retail sales of consumer goods and services rose by 2.7% year-on-year; specifically, retail sales of services grew by 5.3%, while retail sales of goods grew by 1.1%. Among service retail sales, categories such as communication and information services, tourism consultation and rental services, and cultural, sports, and leisure services experienced relatively rapid growth. In the first half of the year, total retail sales of consumer goods reached 24.8722 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.3%. By location of business units, retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas totaled 21.5506 trillion yuan (up 1.2% year-on-year), while those in rural areas totaled 3.3216 trillion yuan (up 2.5%). By consumption type, retail sales of goods amounted to 22.0467 trillion yuan (up 1.1% year-on-year), and catering revenue reached 2.8255 trillion yuan (up 2.8%). Sales of basic necessities and certain upgraded consumer goods grew rapidly; specifically, retail sales of grain, oil, and food; clothing, shoes, hats, and textiles; and communication equipment by enterprises above designated size increased by 7.4%, 6.7%, and 14.4% year-on-year, respectively. In June, total retail sales of consumer goods stood at 4.2691 trillion yuan, up 1.0% year-on-year (reversing the 0.6% decline seen in the previous month) and up 0.38% month-on-month. In the first half of the year, national online retail sales of goods and services totaled 10.0715 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.2%. Of this total, online retail sales of goods amounted to 6.4296 trillion yuan (up 4.8%), and online retail sales of services reached 3.6419 trillion yuan (up 6.0%).
In the first half of the year, the per capita disposable income of national residents was 22,981 yuan, a nominal year-on-year increase of 5.2% and a real increase of 4.2% after adjusting for price factors. By place of residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 30,126 yuan (up 4.4% nominally and 3.4% in real terms year-on-year), while that of rural residents was 12,699 yuan (up 6.4% nominally and 5.5% in real terms year-on-year). In terms of income sources, national per capita wage income, net business income, net property income, and net transfer income grew nominally by 5.3%, 6.5%, 1.1%, and 5.8%, respectively. The ratio of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents (with rural residents’ income set at 1) was 2.37 in the first half of the year, a year-on-year narrowing of 0.05. In the first half of the year, the national per capita consumption expenditure of residents was 14,836 yuan, a nominal increase of 3.7% year-on-year, or a real increase of 2.7% after adjusting for price factors. By area, per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 18,071 yuan, up 3.0% (or 2.0% in real terms); that of rural residents was 10,180 yuan, up 4.6% (or 3.8% in real terms).
During the first half of the year, national per capita consumption expenditure on food, tobacco, and alcohol was 4,537 yuan, up 4.2%, accounting for 30.6% of total per capita consumption expenditure; expenditure on clothing was 880 yuan, up 4.4% (5.9% of the total); expenditure on housing was 3,135 yuan, up 1.4% (21.1% of the total); expenditure on household goods and services was 847 yuan, up 5.3% (5.7% of the total); expenditure on transportation and communication was 2,065 yuan, up 4.7% (13.9% of the total); expenditure on education, culture, and entertainment was 1,572 yuan, up 4.9% (10.6% of the total); expenditure on healthcare was 1,330 yuan, up 1.2% (9.0% of the total); and expenditure on other goods and services was 470 yuan, up 9.3% (3.2% of the total).
In the first half of the year, the average surveyed urban unemployment rate nationwide was 5.2%. In June, the surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.0%, down 0.1 percentage points from the previous month. The surveyed unemployment rate for the local household registration labor force was 5.0%, while that for the non-local household registration labor force was 4.9% (with the rate for the non-local agricultural household registration labor force standing at 4.8%). The surveyed urban unemployment rate in 31 major cities was 5.0%, down 0.1 percentage points from the previous month. The average weekly working hours for employed persons in enterprises nationwide stood at 48.2 hours. By the end of the second quarter, the total number of rural migrant workers reached 192.27 million, a year-on-year increase of 0.5%.
Key Highlights
In the first half of 2026, China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) totaled 69.5704 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 4.7% at constant prices. Specifically, growth was 5.0% year-on-year in the first quarter and 4.3% in the second quarter. China’s GDP grew by 0.9% quarter-on-quarter in the second quarter of 2026, a slowdown compared to the 1.3% growth rate seen in the first quarter. The 4.7% year-on-year growth in the first half of 2026 marked a deceleration of 0.6 percentage points compared to the same period in the previous year (when GDP grew by 5.3% in the first half of 2025). With growth rates of 5.5% (H1 2023), 5.0% (H1 2024), 5.3% (H1 2025), and 4.7% (H1 2026), China’s GDP growth has exhibited a “W-shaped” fluctuating downward trend in the post-pandemic era.
Retail categories for physical goods recording negative year-on-year nominal growth (cumulative, January–June) include the following: Automobiles: -12.6% (absolute value: 1.9688 trillion yuan). Reasons: Automobile consumption saw the steepest decline among all categories due to several factors: adjustments to purchase tax incentives for new energy vehicles (shifting from a full exemption to a 5% tax rate); periodic adjustments to “trade-in” subsidy quotas early in the year; and a strong “wait-and-see” sentiment among consumers driven by the “price war” among domestic automakers. Building and decoration materials: -8.8% (absolute value: 60.9 billion yuan). Reasons: Demand for renovation and building materials—located at the downstream end of the industry chain—remained weak, directly dragged down by the slump in real estate development investment (down 18.0% year-on-year from January to June) and the decline in sales area of newly built commercial housing. Household appliances and audio-visual equipment: -7.4% (absolute value: 543.7 billion yuan). Reason: Retail sales of major home appliances faced significant pressure in the first half of the year due to the lagged effects of the real estate cycle and a high base of comparison from large-scale consumption-promotion policies implemented during the same period last year. Petroleum and related products: -5.7% (absolute value: 1.0696 trillion yuan). Reason: Influenced by multiple factors, including fluctuations in international oil prices, the partial displacement of internal combustion engine vehicles by new energy vehicles in the domestic market, and shifts in the structure of business travel. Furniture: -3.7% (absolute value: 87 billion yuan). Reason: Similar to the building and decoration category, this is a major consumer segment closely tied to the real estate market; performance was sluggish due to the broader economic environment. Sports and entertainment goods: -2.4% (absolute value: 87 billion yuan). Reason: A natural pullback following a high base period; households reduced discretionary spending on outdoor gear and specific entertainment hardware. In the first half of the year, the “communication equipment” category—which includes mobile phones—surged by 14.4% (rising 16.5% in June alone), making it the fastest-growing category among all physical goods. However, data from Sigmaintell indicates that smartphone shipments in China totaled approximately 63.1 million units in the second quarter of 2026, a year-on-year decline of 7%. The sharp rise in sales revenue was primarily driven by a nearly 300% year-on-year surge in memory costs (DRAM and NAND flash) caused by supply constraints. According to the China Business Journal, while sales of entry-level phones priced under $400 plummeted, sales of premium flagship models priced above $400—particularly those with high price points—bucked the trend with a 5.7% increase. Shipments for Huawei (with high-profile, hot-selling series like the Pura 90) and Apple actually surged by around 20% in the second quarter, illustrating a classic “K-shaped divergence.” In the first half of the year, the national median per capita disposable income was 19,036 yuan (US$2,809), an increase of 4.7%; the median figure represented 82.8% of the mean. Specifically, the median per capita disposable income of urban residents was 26,389 yuan ($3,894), an increase of 4.0% (representing 87.6% of the mean); the median per capita disposable income of rural residents was 10,649 yuan ($1,571), an increase of 5.9% (representing 83.9% of the mean). In the first half of the year, the national per capita income from wages and salaries was 13,298 yuan ($1,962). For urban residents, this figure was 18,359 yuan ($2,709), a nominal year-on-year increase of 4.6%; for rural residents, it was 6,013 yuan ($887), a nominal year-on-year increase of 6.0%.
During the same period, national per capita consumption expenditure stood at 14,836 yuan ($2,193), marking a nominal increase of 3.7% and a real increase of 2.7% after adjusting for price factors. The largest components of per capita consumption remained food, tobacco, and alcohol (4,537 yuan, accounting for 30.6%) and housing (3,135 yuan, accounting for 21.1%), which together constituted 51.7% of the total.
In the second quarter (June) of 2026, the average weekly working hours for enterprise employees nationwide was 48.2 hours. This represented a slight increase of 0.1 hours compared to the first quarter (48.1 hours) but a decrease of 0.3 hours compared to the same quarter of the previous year (48.5 hours). Average weekly working hours for enterprise employees in China had risen continuously for nine years since 2015 (peaking at an “overwork” level of 49.0 hours at the end of 2024). Entering 2026, however, the upward trend in average weekly working hours came to an end, and the figures began to decline.
