It’s pretty similar, but it does vary a lot by state.

For example, my state is an “at-will” employment state, which means employers can fire employees for pretty much any reason at any time, and employees can leave for any reason at any time, and the only restriction is if the reason is because of a protected characteristic (race, religion, etc). As long as the reason isn’t provably due to a protected characteristic, an employer can end the agreement at any time. Other states require severance pay, notice, etc for anything that’s not a breach of company policy, but my state does not, and those states could force the company to retain the employee if they violate some part of that agreement (though they don’t have to allow the employee on company property).

But at least in my area, it’s pretty similar to yours:

• layoff/downsizing/redundancy - you get unemployment, no expectation of rehire if financial situation at the company changes (you could apply again though)
• fired - no unemployment if you were fired for violation of company policy - social worker will verify w/ company
• quit - no unemployment - you’d basically need to sue the company to prove you left under duress or something