When towing with an EV (especially something large like an RV) it is well understood that the #1 greatest drain on available range is wind resistance. Driving more slowly helps to mitigate this. This is of course true even when not towing, but the effect is much more pronounced when you have a giant sail of a trailer behind you.
Then there is the energy lost due to gravity when climbing hills. You can of course get a fair amount of that back on the backside of the hill through regen, but regen is not 100% efficient.
It requires a certain amount of energy just to counteract gravity when your vehicle is on a hill. Imagine that you are on a hill and hold the car still just by feathering the accelerator. You’re getting zero mi/kWh. You’ll drain the entire battery after some time (probably a few hours) without moving an inch. That energy doesn’t just disappear once you start moving. It’s there the whole time you’re on a hill, a parasitic load on your battery that grows linearly with the amount of time you spend on the hill.
So based on that, there is clearly some advantage to completing the ascent of a hill faster, so as to spend less time on the hill (and thus spend less of that parasitic drain). However, this has to be balanced by the wind resistance. It doesn’t make sense to go 70mph towing an RV up a grade, as the additional losses due to wind resistance would likely exceed the gains from spending less time on the hill. Conversely, driving 20mph up the hill would also not make sense, as the parasitic drain from gravity would almost certainly exceed the gains from less wind resistance.
There’s two curves here and they surely intersect at some optimal speed to climb a hill. So given your vehicle’s frontal area, Cd, angle of the grade, length of the grade, and probably a few other parameters, it must be possible to determine the optimal speed to ascend a hill. It’s surely also possible to factor in the descent, assuming something like an 70% efficient return of energy on the backside through regen.
Does anybody know if anybody has worked out such a formula? Maybe the wizards at ABRP?
To get up a hill you have to input the energy based on m*g*h. Note how time isn’t part of this equation.
The losses that you can affect by speed are wind and rolling resistance. Both of which go up as your speed increases. So slower is better.
…to a point as there are consumers in your car that are independent of driving. E.g. your AC/heater, lights, and simply keeping the cars computer running also draws some power. So there is an equilibrium point where crawling even slower will no longer save energy.