you really should have words for at least 6 distinct colours, those being red, yellow, blue, green, orange and purple.
Even if those six were the actual primary and secondary colours, it wouldn’t be necessary to have a primary word for each. You can refer them by hue, or by referring to some object.
Also, note that the “true” colour wheel (based on our light reception) is more like red, yellow, green, cyan, blue and magenta. (No orange; and purple is kind of far from magenta.) The wheel that you’re implying by those six colours is mostly an artistic “distortion” of the 18th century. And yet it isn’t cross-linguistically common to take cyan or magenta as “named” colours, they’re often seen as hues of blue/green and red/rose/purple respectively.
(Some societies live just fine with three colours - “dark”, “light”, and “red”.)
Even if those six were the actual primary and secondary colours, it wouldn’t be necessary to have a primary word for each. You can refer them by hue, or by referring to some object.
But you don’t - that’s why languages lacking these words run into issues as described in the article.
The wheel that you’re implying by those six colours is mostly an artistic “distortion” of the 18th century.
But isn’t there a good reason it was distorted that way?
Of course some colours take up much more or much less of the visible colour spectrum, but that doesn’t mean they have more significance to us.
Like red taking up over five times more of the colour spectrum than yellow doesn’t mean that all these reds need to be named. Most red tones are hardly distinguishable to most people. Yellow and red on the other hand can be distinguished with ease.
You won’t run into the issue of differently coloured traffic lights in english countries; because while the traffic lights might use slightly different shades of green, they don’t use drastically different colours - because we properly named them.
People do it fairly often. Specially when precision is needed. Vermilion red, ultramarine blue, so goes on.
that’s why languages lacking these words run into issues as described in the article.
The issue is not lacking a word, but mismatching usage - in this case between Japanese as used by the speakers versus the legislation. It wouldn’t happen if Japanese speakers kept using 青/ao for emerald-coloured stuff - people would look at the go light, say “it’s ao!”, legislation agrees, all is well.
And it is certainly not arbitrarily associated with a lack of words for those six arbitrarily specific tones, as this example from Portuguese shows:
The soil in the picture is called “terra roxa” in Portuguese. It means “purple soil” (red soil would be “terra vermelha”). Note how it’s the same issue as in Japanese - you call it by one name, and yet the underlying colour is another.
There are potential three reasons why it might be called this way (old Spanish explorers, Portuguese internal change, Italian colonists), but all of them involve some mapping mismatch:
English
Spanish
Italian
Portuguese, old usage
Portuguese, modern usage
red
rojo
rosso
roxo
vermelho
purple
púrpura
porpora
púrpura
roxo
And yet odds are that, in no relevant moment, the language lacked a distinction between red and purple. On the contrary - it has three words for that range. (“Púrpura” is nowadays mostly a fancy synonymous for “roxo”, but based on Galician usage odds are that all three were distinct at some point).
But isn’t there a good reason it was distorted that way?
That’s mostly appeal to ignorance.
That distorted colour wheel is mostly the result of the access to pigments and traditional usage back then, and lack of access to knowledge on how our eyes process light.
Also note two things:
blue stuff is damn rare in the everyday. Before synthetic dyes there was little practical use for a specific word for blue.
the biggest distinction, the one that you see across all languages out there, is missing from those six colours. It’s “dark” vs. “light”.
You won’t run into the issue of differently coloured traffic lights in [english countries]
A “country” speaks no language. That is not just nitpicking - the issue is a mismatch between the language as used by the population vs. the legislation.
And yes, this issue could happen if English remapped the colour used to refer to green, through some semantic shift.
Even if those six were the actual primary and secondary colours, it wouldn’t be necessary to have a primary word for each. You can refer them by hue, or by referring to some object.
Also, note that the “true” colour wheel (based on our light reception) is more like red, yellow, green, cyan, blue and magenta. (No orange; and purple is kind of far from magenta.) The wheel that you’re implying by those six colours is mostly an artistic “distortion” of the 18th century. And yet it isn’t cross-linguistically common to take cyan or magenta as “named” colours, they’re often seen as hues of blue/green and red/rose/purple respectively.
(Some societies live just fine with three colours - “dark”, “light”, and “red”.)
But you don’t - that’s why languages lacking these words run into issues as described in the article.
But isn’t there a good reason it was distorted that way?
Of course some colours take up much more or much less of the visible colour spectrum, but that doesn’t mean they have more significance to us.
Like red taking up over five times more of the colour spectrum than yellow doesn’t mean that all these reds need to be named. Most red tones are hardly distinguishable to most people. Yellow and red on the other hand can be distinguished with ease.
You won’t run into the issue of differently coloured traffic lights in english countries; because while the traffic lights might use slightly different shades of green, they don’t use drastically different colours - because we properly named them.
People do it fairly often. Specially when precision is needed. Vermilion red, ultramarine blue, so goes on.
The issue is not lacking a word, but mismatching usage - in this case between Japanese as used by the speakers versus the legislation. It wouldn’t happen if Japanese speakers kept using 青/ao for emerald-coloured stuff - people would look at the go light, say “it’s ao!”, legislation agrees, all is well.
And it is certainly not arbitrarily associated with a lack of words for those six arbitrarily specific tones, as this example from Portuguese shows:
The soil in the picture is called “terra roxa” in Portuguese. It means “purple soil” (red soil would be “terra vermelha”). Note how it’s the same issue as in Japanese - you call it by one name, and yet the underlying colour is another.
There are potential three reasons why it might be called this way (old Spanish explorers, Portuguese internal change, Italian colonists), but all of them involve some mapping mismatch:
And yet odds are that, in no relevant moment, the language lacked a distinction between red and purple. On the contrary - it has three words for that range. (“Púrpura” is nowadays mostly a fancy synonymous for “roxo”, but based on Galician usage odds are that all three were distinct at some point).
That’s mostly appeal to ignorance.
That distorted colour wheel is mostly the result of the access to pigments and traditional usage back then, and lack of access to knowledge on how our eyes process light.
Also note two things:
A “country” speaks no language. That is not just nitpicking - the issue is a mismatch between the language as used by the population vs. the legislation.
And yes, this issue could happen if English remapped the colour used to refer to green, through some semantic shift.