Japan handles this effectively. Clear garbage bags and, if things aren’t separated properly, the garbage collectors won’t take your bags. And you have to do the walk of shame back to your house with your uncollected trash.

This is the best summary I could come up with:

The obligation is currently on local authorities to provide an easy means for households to compost or separate organic waste.

When it is mixed with other rubbish, it typically ends up in landfills or incinerators, where it produces heat-trapping greenhouse gases like methane and CO2.

In 2018, only 34 per cent of the EU’s total bio-waste was collected, leaving 40 million tonnes of potential soil nutrients to be discarded, according to NGO Zero Waste Europe.

Under the EU’s Waste Framework Directive, bio-waste collection is being encouraged this year, but it stops short of setting mandatory targets.

Elsewhere, taxes or bans on incinerating bio-waste have encouraged similar schemes, with separate bins and home composting widespread in Austria, the Netherlands and Belgium.

It remains voluntary for households in England, but is more strictly enforced in Wales and for business owners.

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